In recent years, golf carts powered by lithium batteries have appeared in the world. The emergence of new things always attracts everyone’s attention. Some people have expressed doubts and concerns to varying degrees because they do not know much about lithium batteries.
From the perspective of environmental protection, the pollution problem of lead-acid batteries is unavoidable. The lead plates and sulfuric acid of lead-acid batteries are difficult to degrade pollutants. The safety of lead-acid batteries and the impact of battery attenuation on the mileage are also a headache for the stadium. The problem, taking two-seater golf carts as an example, common golf carts on the market are equipped with six 175Ah lead-acid batteries. The cruising range of a new car equipped with this kind of battery is about 40Km after a full charge. However, as the usage time of the caddy increases, the battery’s charging and discharging capacity will get worse and worse, even less than 10km. The reduction of cruising range will greatly affect the normal use of the golf cart. These problems of lead-acid batteries cannot be solved from a technical point of view. However, the emergence of lithium batteries is a glimpse, and the use of lithium batteries to replace lead-acid power batteries has become an inevitable direction of development.
As an enterprise engaged in the development, production and sales of golf carts for many years, the R&D team of Lvyou Group has conducted in-depth research on lithium batteries. Here, we share some knowledge and give a brief introduction to the technology and advantages of using lithium battery in the golf cart.
Introduction to the types and characteristics of lithium batteries:
At present, lithium batteries can be divided into three types: lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary materials.
Lithium Manganese Battery
Lithium manganate is one of the more promising lithium ion cathode materials. Compared with traditional cathode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide has the advantages of rich resources, low cost, no pollution, good safety, and good rate performance. It is an ideal power battery cathode material, but its poor cycle performance and electricity The chemical stability greatly limits its industrialization.
Lithium iron phosphate battery
Lithium iron phosphate has only appeared in recent years as a material for lithium power batteries. The domestic development of large-capacity lithium iron phosphate batteries was about 2005. Its safety performance and cycle life are unmatched by other materials, and these are also the most important technical indicators of power batteries. The 1C charge-discharge cycle life of a single battery reaches 2000 times. Single-cell battery will not burn or explode when overcharged at 30V. Lithium iron phosphate cathode materials make large-capacity lithium-ion batteries easier to use in series to meet the needs of frequent charging and discharging of electric vehicles.
Lithium iron phosphate has the advantages of non-toxic, non-polluting, good safety performance, wide source of raw materials, low price, and long life. It is an ideal cathode material for a new generation of lithium-ion batteries.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries also have their disadvantages. For example, the tap density of the lithium iron phosphate cathode material is relatively small. The volume of the lithium iron phosphate battery of equal capacity is larger than that of lithium cobalt oxide and other lithium ion batteries, so it does not have an advantage in miniature batteries. Due to the inherent characteristics of lithium iron phosphate materials, its
The low temperature performance is inferior to other cathode materials such as lithium manganate. In general, for a single cell (note that it is a single cell and not a battery pack, for the battery pack, the measured low temperature performance may be slightly higher, which is related to the heat dissipation conditions), its capacity at 0°C is maintained The rate is about 60 to 70%, 40 to 55% at -10°C, and 20 to 40% at -20°C. Obviously, such low temperature performance cannot meet the requirements of power supply.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries have consistency problems. The life of single lithium iron phosphate battery currently exceeds 2000 times, but the life of the battery pack will be greatly reduced, possibly 500 times. Because the battery pack is made up of a large number of single batteries in series, its working condition is like a group of people running together with a rope. Even if everyone is a sprinter, if everyone’s movements are not consistent, the team will not run fast. The speed is even slower than that of the slowest individual runner. The battery pack is the same. Only when the battery performance is highly consistent, can the life span be close to the level of a single battery. Therefore, the battery is not suitable for high-voltage or large-capacity vehicles.
Ternary lithium battery
Ternary polymer lithium battery refers to a lithium battery that uses lithium nickel cobalt manganese ternary cathode material as its cathode material. There are many kinds of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, mainly lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate and so on. Ternary materials combine the advantages of three types of materials: lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide and lithium manganate, and have excellent characteristics such as high capacity, low cost, and good safety. They gradually occupy a certain market share in small lithium batteries and are The field of power lithium battery has good development prospects.
